How to Use SPSS for T-test

T-Test Guide

Run the Right T-Test in SPSS

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3 Core Moves
12+ Writing Strategies
95% Success Rate
Group Statistics
GroupNMeanSDSE Mean
Online4278.409.621.48
In-Person4271.9510.841.67
Independent Samples Test
Levene's FSig.tdfp (2-tail)MD
2.34.1302.9382.0046.45
T-Test Guide

Run the Right T-Test in SPSS

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One-Sample T-Test

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When to Use Compare a sample mean to a known or hypothesized population value.
t = (x̄ − μ₀) / (s / √n)
Independent Samples T-Test

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When to Use Compare means of two separate, unrelated groups on a continuous variable.
t = (x̄₁ − x̄₂) / √(s₁²/n₁ + s₂²/n₂)
Paired Samples T-Test

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When to Use Compare means of the same participants measured at two different time points.
t = d̄ / (s_d / √n)
Step-by-Step

Running T-Tests in SPSS

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One-Sample T-Test Independent Samples Paired Samples

One-Sample T-Test in SPSS

1
Open Analyze Menu

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Analyze Compare Means One-Sample T Test
2
Move the Test Variable

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3
Enter the Test Value

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit sed do eiusmod. Enter the population mean you are comparing against in the Test Value box.

4
Click OK and Read Output

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Independent Samples T-Test in SPSS

1
Navigate to Compare Means

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Analyze Compare Means Independent-Samples T Test
2
Assign Test and Grouping Variables

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit sed do eiusmod. Move the continuous dependent variable to the Test Variable(s) box and the group variable to Grouping Variable.

3
Define Group Values

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit sed do eiusmod. Click Define Groups and enter the numeric codes used for each group (e.g., 1 and 2).

4
Check Levene's Test in Output

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit sed do eiusmod. Use the Levene's test result to decide which t-value row to report.

Paired Samples T-Test in SPSS

1
Open Paired-Samples T Test

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Analyze Compare Means Paired-Samples T Test
2
Select Paired Variables

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit sed do eiusmod. Click the pre-test variable, then hold Ctrl and click the post-test variable, then click the arrow.

3
Run and Review Statistics

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit sed do eiusmod. Click OK and examine Paired Samples Statistics, Correlations, and Test tables.

4
Calculate Cohen's d Effect Size

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit sed do eiusmod. SPSS does not report effect size automatically; calculate d = t / √n manually.